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Articles for April 11, 2007.
 Umbaugh's News  
RATINGS - HOW THEY IMPACT QUALIFIED BOND ISSUES  


With recently changing economic trends, it is valuable to understand how schools and municipalities are rated and how this rating can impact qualified bond issues. In 2006, Michigan public school ratings ranged from "BB-" to "AA+". Higher bond ratings result in lower interest expense and less financing costs, such as bond insurance. Therefore, understanding bond rating criteria is a key component of fiscal management.
 
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PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: STEPS TOWARD PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT - PART 2  

In a previous issue of Footnotes, we provided an overview of performance measurement and its usefulness in improving accountability and creating efficiency. In this article, we discuss the steps necessary to achieve performance management-the point at which a local government can utilize data collected in making managerial decisions. These four steps include mission statements, goals, objectives and performance measures.

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